UltraVir-X® is a meticulously formulated dietary supplement designed to provide robust immune support. By combining essential vitamins, minerals, and a proprietary blend of botanicals with known immuno-modulating properties, UltraVir-X® serves as a unique tool to enhance the body’s natural defense mechanisms. This formula is particularly useful in maintaining immune health during periods of increased physiological stress.

 

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Detailed Ingredient Profile and Benefits

 

1. Vitamin A (as natural mixed carotenoids and palmitate) – IU ratio 1:2:

   • Role in Immunity: Vitamin A is vital for the maintenance of epithelial tissues, which form the first line of defense against pathogens. It also plays a crucial role in the differentiation of immune cells, including T-cells and B-cells, which are essential for adaptive immunity.
   • Mechanisms: Vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved in immune function and helps maintain the integrity of mucosal surfaces. It also supports the production of mucous, which traps pathogens and prevents their entry into the body.
   • Benefits: Regular intake of Vitamin A supports the body’s ability to fend off infections, particularly respiratory infections. It is also involved in reducing the severity and duration of illnesses.

2. Vitamin C (as calcium and magnesium ascorbate):

   • Role in Immunity: Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress, a process that can weaken immune responses. It also enhances the production and function of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, which are critical in defending against infections.
   • Mechanisms: Vitamin C supports the skin’s barrier function and improves the absorption of iron, which is necessary for immune cell proliferation. It also contributes to the apoptosis of spent immune cells, reducing unnecessary inflammation.
   • Benefits: Enhanced immune response, reduced risk of chronic diseases, improved recovery from colds and flu, and faster wound healing.

3. Zinc (as zinc gluconate):

   • Role in Immunity: Zinc is crucial for the normal development and function of cells mediating innate immunity, including neutrophils and natural killer cells. It is also necessary for the production of antibodies.
   • Mechanisms: Zinc acts as a cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in immune cell signaling, DNA synthesis, and repair. It also stabilizes cell membranes, protecting them against free radical damage.
   • Benefits: Reduced incidence of infections, especially respiratory tract infections, and support for wound healing and DNA repair.

4. Copper (as copper gluconate):

   • Role in Immunity: Copper plays a significant role in maintaining immune function by influencing the production and activity of immune cells. It is also involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to all body tissues, including immune cells.
   • Mechanisms: Copper acts as a cofactor for superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage. It is also essential for the production of energy within cells, including those of the immune system.
   • Benefits: Enhanced immune cell function, protection against oxidative damage, and improved overall immune resilience.

5. Red-Rooted Sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza) root extract:

   • Traditional Uses: Traditionally used in Chinese medicine for improving blood circulation and treating cardiovascular issues.
   • Role in Immunity: Red-Rooted Sage contains active compounds such as tanshinones, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, supporting cardiovascular health and immune function.
   • Mechanisms: Tanshinones inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reducing oxidative stress on immune cells.
   • Benefits: Supports cardiovascular health, reduces inflammation, and enhances the immune response by improving circulation.

6. Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) extract:

   • Traditional Uses: Historically used in North America as a remedy for fever, colds, and influenza.
   • Role in Immunity: Boneset is known for its ability to stimulate the immune system, particularly in response to viral infections. It enhances the activity of macrophages and promotes the production of cytokines.
   • Mechanisms: Compounds in Boneset, such as polysaccharides and flavonoids, enhance immune function by stimulating phagocytosis, the process by which immune cells engulf and destroy pathogens.
   • Benefits: May reduce the severity and duration of viral infections, support fever management, and improve overall immune readiness.

7. Cang-zhu Atractylodes (Atractylodes lancea) rhizome extract:

   • Traditional Uses: A key herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used to strengthen the spleen and stomach, which are critical for digestion and immune function.
   • Role in Immunity: By improving digestive health, Cang-zhu Atractylodes indirectly supports the immune system, as a large portion of immune function is located in the gut.
   • Mechanisms: The active compounds in Cang-zhu enhance the digestive system’s ability to absorb nutrients, thereby supporting the body’s energy levels and immune defense mechanisms.
   • Benefits: Enhanced nutrient absorption, improved gut health, and stronger immune responses linked to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

8. Sweet Violet (Viola odorata) leaf extract:

   • Traditional Uses: Used in herbal medicine for its soothing effects on the respiratory system and its anti-inflammatory properties.
   • Role in Immunity: Sweet Violet supports respiratory health by reducing inflammation and soothing mucous membranes, which are crucial in defending against airborne pathogens.
   • Mechanisms: Contains saponins and flavonoids that exert anti-inflammatory effects, supporting the immune system’s ability to respond to respiratory infections.
   • Benefits: Relief from respiratory symptoms, reduced inflammation, and support for the body’s defense against respiratory pathogens.

9. Wheat Grass (Triticum aestivum) leaf & stem extract:

   • Nutritional Profile: Rich in chlorophyll, vitamins A, C, and E, and minerals such as magnesium, calcium, and potassium.
   • Role in Immunity: Wheatgrass is known for its detoxifying properties and its ability to boost the immune system. It provides a dense source of nutrients that support overall health and immunity.
   • Mechanisms: Chlorophyll in wheatgrass helps to detoxify the blood, improve oxygen transport, and enhance immune function by promoting the production of red blood cells.
   • Benefits: Improved detoxification, enhanced oxygenation of tissues, and boosted overall immune health.

10. Bupleurum (Bupleurum chinense) root extract:

    • Traditional Uses: Widely used in TCM to harmonize the interior and exterior of the body, particularly during febrile diseases.
    • Role in Immunity: Bupleurum has anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties, supporting the liver’s role in detoxification and immune regulation.
    • Mechanisms: The saikosaponins in Bupleurum modulate the immune response by reducing excessive inflammation and supporting liver function, which is critical for processing toxins and maintaining immune health.
    • Benefits: Enhanced liver function, balanced immune response, and reduced risk of chronic inflammatory conditions.

11. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) root extract:

    • Traditional Uses: A well-known adaptogen in TCM, Astragalus is used to boost the body’s resistance to stress and illness.
    • Role in Immunity: Astragalus is revered for its ability to enhance immune function, particularly by increasing the activity of white blood cells and boosting the production of interferon, a key component in the body’s defense against viruses.
    • Mechanisms: Astragalus contains polysaccharides and flavonoids that enhance macrophage activity, improve phagocytosis, and increase the production of antibodies.
    • Benefits: Improved resistance to infections, enhanced recovery from illnesses, and overall support for immune resilience.

12. Bee Propolis:

    • Natural Source: Bee Propolis is a resinous mixture that honey bees produce from tree sap and their own discharges.
    • Role in Immunity: Propolis is rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which have strong antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It supports the immune system by directly combating pathogens and enhancing immune cell activity.
    • Mechanisms: Propolis boosts the immune response by activating macrophages, increasing cytokine production, and enhancing the activity of natural killer cells.
    • Benefits: Protection against infections, especially respiratory and gastrointestinal, and overall enhancement of the immune system’s efficiency.

13. Maitake Mushroom (Grifola frondosa) aerial part:

    • Traditional Uses: Maitake Mushroom is used in Japanese and Chinese medicine to enhance immunity and promote longevity.
    • Role in Immunity: Maitake is known for its ability to activate immune cells, particularly macrophages and T-cells, which are crucial for fighting infections and cancers.
    • Mechanisms: Maitake contains beta-glucans, which are polysaccharides that stimulate the immune system by enhancing the activity of immune cells and promoting the production of cytokines.
    • Benefits: Enhanced immune cell activity, improved response to infections, and potential support in cancer prevention and treatment.

14. Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) leaf extract:

    • Traditional Uses: Black Walnut has been used traditionally for its antiparasitic, antifungal, and astringent properties.
    • Role in Immunity: Black Walnut supports immune function by cleansing the body of parasites and harmful microbes, particularly in the digestive tract.
    • Mechanisms: The active compounds in Black Walnut, including juglone and tannins, exert strong antimicrobial effects, supporting the body’s ability to clear infections and maintain gut health.
    • Benefits: Improved gastrointestinal health, enhanced microbial balance, and support for the body’s natural detoxification processes.

15. Hesperidin (from citrus fruit):

    • Nutritional Profile: Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid found primarily in citrus fruits, particularly in the peels.
    • Role in Immunity: Hesperidin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties. It supports cardiovascular health and enhances the immune system’s ability to respond to infections.
    • Mechanisms: Hesperidin enhances the production of nitric oxide, which improves blood flow and supports immune cell activity. It also inhibits the release of histamine, reducing inflammation and allergic responses.
    • Benefits: Reduced inflammation, enhanced immune response, and improved cardiovascular and respiratory health.

16. Rutin:

    • Nutritional Profile: Rutin is a flavonoid that occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables, known for its strong antioxidant properties.
    • Role in Immunity: Rutin supports the immune system by protecting cells from oxidative damage and enhancing the function of blood vessels, which is essential for proper immune function.
    • Mechanisms: Rutin strengthens capillaries, reduces inflammation, and acts as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals that can damage immune cells.
    • Benefits: Strengthened blood vessels, reduced risk of chronic diseases, and enhanced overall immune health.

 

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How the Formula Works

 

UltraVir-X combines vitamins, minerals, and a proprietary blend of herbal extracts and bioactive compounds to support immune health through multiple mechanisms:

• Immune Support: Vitamins A, C, zinc, and copper are essential for the optimal function of the immune system. They help enhance the activity and production of immune cells, such as white blood cells, which are critical for fighting infections.
• Antioxidant Protection: Ingredients like vitamin C, hesperidin, and rutin provide antioxidant protection, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, which can weaken the immune system.
• Anti-inflammatory Effects: Several ingredients, including red-rooted sage and sweet violet, have anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce inflammation, supporting a healthy immune response.
• Antimicrobial Action: Ingredients like bee propolis, black walnut, and astragalus have antimicrobial properties that help the body combat bacteria, viruses, and fungi, maintaining a healthy balance of microorganisms in the body.

 

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Conditions That May Respond to UltraVir-X

 

• Viral Infections: Such as the common cold and flu, due to the immune-boosting and antiviral properties of the ingredients.
• Respiratory Infections: Helps reduce symptoms and supports recovery from respiratory infections.
• General Immune Support: For individuals needing to strengthen their immune system, especially during cold and flu seasons.
• Chronic Inflammation: Due to the anti-inflammatory effects of several ingredients.

 

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Suggested Use: The recommended dosage for UltraVir-X® is one capsule three times daily as a dietary supplement or as directed by a healthcare professional. Due to the potent nature of its ingredients, it is advised not to use this product during pregnancy or lactation without consulting a healthcare provider.

 

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UltraVir-X® is an exceptionally well-rounded immune support formula, combining essential nutrients with powerful botanicals to provide comprehensive protection and support for the immune system. By addressing multiple aspects of immune health, UltraVir-X® ensures that the body is well-equipped to defend against pathogens and maintain optimal wellness.

 

Artemisinin Forte, introduced in 2023, is a herbal supplement containing 266.7 mg of Sweet Wormwood extract, standardized to provide 40 mg of artemisinin. Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone, has a rich history in traditional medicine, particularly within the context of its use for maintaining normal body temperature, clearing heat, and providing antioxidant support. This paper explores the mechanisms of action, the physiological impact, and the clinical implications of Sweet Wormwood and its active constituent, artemisinin.

 

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Mechanisms of Action

 

1. Sesquiterpene Lactone Activity: Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone, a class of naturally occurring compounds that exhibit a range of biological activities. The unique endoperoxide bridge in artemisinin is believed to be crucial to its bioactivity, particularly in its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). This reactive nature underpins its role in clearing heat and cooling the body, as well as providing antioxidant protection to the body’s cells.
2. Antioxidant Properties: Sweet Wormwood extract provides antioxidant activity, crucial in protecting cells from oxidative stress. The generation of ROS by artemisinin contributes to its therapeutic effects, as these reactive species can neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative damage within cells. This antioxidant activity is significant in supporting overall cellular health and maintaining normal body temperature within the typical range.
3. Thermoregulation: In traditional medicine, Sweet Wormwood has been used to maintain normal body temperature and manage febrile conditions. The thermoregulatory effect of artemisinin is linked to its ability to influence heat shock proteins and modulate inflammatory responses, thereby helping to clear heat and cool the body.

 

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that are produced by cells in response to stressful conditions, particularly heat, but also in response to other stressors like toxins, inflammation, infection, and even exercise. These proteins play a crucial role in maintaining cellular function and protecting cells from damage.

 

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Key Functions of Heat Shock Proteins

 

1. Protein Folding: HSPs act as molecular chaperones, meaning they help other proteins fold into their correct three-dimensional shapes. Proper protein folding is essential for proteins to function correctly. Misfolded proteins can lead to cell dysfunction and diseases like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s.
2. Prevention of Protein Aggregation: Under stress, proteins can unfold or misfold, leading to the formation of aggregates, which are clumps of non-functional proteins. HSPs help prevent this aggregation, thereby protecting cells from the toxic effects of protein aggregates.
3. Assistance in Protein Degradation: HSPs can also assist in targeting damaged or misfolded proteins for degradation, ensuring that these potentially harmful proteins are broken down and removed from the cell.
4. Stress Response and Protection: By stabilizing proteins and membranes, HSPs protect cells from stress-induced damage. They are rapidly produced in response to stressors and help the cell survive and recover from damage.
5. Regulation of Immune Responses: Some HSPs can also modulate immune responses. They can be involved in the presentation of antigens to immune cells, playing a role in both innate and adaptive immunity.

 

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Types of Heat Shock Proteins

 

HSPs are classified based on their molecular weight:

• HSP27: Involved in preventing the aggregation of proteins and assisting in the refolding of denatured proteins.
• HSP40: Works with HSP70 to prevent misfolded proteins from aggregating and helps in protein folding.
• HSP60: Assists in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and the refolding of misfolded proteins within mitochondria.
• HSP70: One of the most well-studied HSPs, it plays a key role in protein folding, protection against stress, and the transport of proteins across cellular membranes.
• HSP90: Involved in stabilizing and activating many proteins that are involved in cell signaling, particularly those related to the stress response and cell growth.
• HSP100: Helps in the disaggregation of proteins, breaking down aggregates that have formed under stress conditions.

 

 

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Clinical Relevance

 

HSPs have been studied for their role in various diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. For example, in cancer, some HSPs can be overexpressed, helping cancer cells survive under the stressful conditions of the tumor environment. Because of this, HSPs are being explored as potential targets for cancer therapy.

In summary, heat shock proteins are essential for cellular health, especially under stressful conditions. They help maintain protein integrity, assist in stress recovery, and play a role in regulating immune responses, making them a critical component of the cellular defense mechanism.

 

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Physiological Impact

 

1. Cellular Protection: Artemisinin’s antioxidant properties help in protecting cells from oxidative stress, a significant factor in cellular aging and the development of chronic diseases. By scavenging free radicals, artemisinin helps to preserve the integrity of cell membranes and other cellular components, contributing to overall cellular health.
2. Heat Clearing and Cooling: The heat-clearing properties of Sweet Wormwood are traditionally associated with its use in managing febrile conditions. This cooling effect is beneficial in conditions where excess heat and inflammation are present, helping to restore balance within the body.
3. Immune Support: Artemisinin also plays a role in modulating the immune response. Its ability to regulate inflammatory pathways can contribute to a more balanced immune system, making it useful in supporting the body’s natural defense mechanisms.

 

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Clinical Applications

 

Artemisinin Forte is particularly useful in situations where the body requires support in maintaining normal body temperature and managing oxidative stress. Its application in traditional medicine extends to conditions involving fever, heat stress, and inflammation, where its cooling and antioxidant effects are most beneficial. Moreover, the supplement’s role in protecting cells from oxidative damage is crucial for overall health maintenance, particularly in preventing the onset of chronic inflammatory diseases.

 

 

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Artemisinin Forte offers a scientifically-backed, traditional approach to managing body temperature, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin provides a unique mechanism of action, supporting the body’s natural defenses and promoting overall health. This supplement is a valuable tool in both traditional and modern herbal practices, offering broad therapeutic potential.

 

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References

 

1. Tu, Y. (2011). The discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and gifts from Chinese medicine. Nature Medicine, 17(10), 1217-1220.
2. Meshnick, S. R., Taylor, T. E., & Kamchonwongpaisan, S. (1996). Artemisinin and the antimalarial endoperoxides: From herbal remedy to targeted chemotherapy. Microbiological Reviews, 60(2), 301-315.
3. Krishna, S., Bustamante, L., Haynes, R. K., & Staines, H. M. (2008). Artemisinin: Mechanisms of action, resistance and toxicity. Microbes and Infection, 10(6), 649-658.
4. Ho, W. E., Peh, H. Y., Chan, T. K., & Wong, W. S. (2014). Artemisinins: Pharmacological actions beyond anti-malarial. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 142(1), 126-139.
5. Wang, J., Zhang, C. J., Chia, W. N., Loh, C. C., Li, Z., Lee, Y. M., & Lin, Q. (2015). Haem-activated promiscuous targeting of artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature Communications, 6, 10111.

 

Choline is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in various physiological processes, including neurotransmitter synthesis, cell membrane integrity, lipid metabolism, and methylation. Despite its importance, many individuals fail to obtain adequate choline from their diet, leading to a range of cognitive and physical health issues. PERQUE Choline Citrate™ offers a bioavailable form of choline, providing the necessary support for individuals with increased choline demands or impaired choline metabolism.

 

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Ingredients and Mechanisms of Action

1. Choline Citrate

   • Neurotransmitter Synthesis: Choline is a precursor for acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for memory, mood regulation, and muscle control. PERQUE Choline Citrate™ provides choline in a citrate form, ensuring rapid absorption and utilization in the body.
   • Magnesium Uptake: PERQUE Choline Citrate™ enhances the uptake of magnesium, an essential mineral involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and energy production. The citrate component facilitates the neutral charge needed to transport magnesium across cell membranes efficiently.
   • Liver Detoxification: Choline is vital for liver health, as it is involved in the production of phosphatidylcholine, a component of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) that helps transport fat out of the liver. By improving choline availability, PERQUE Choline Citrate™ supports lipid metabolism and reduces the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

2. Glycerin (Vegetable)

   • Absorption and Bioavailability: Glycerin acts as a solvent and stabilizer, ensuring the stability and bioavailability of choline in the liquid form. It also provides a smooth texture and taste, making the supplement easier to consume.

 

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Physiological Impact

• Cognitive Function: Adequate choline intake is essential for the production of acetylcholine, which supports memory, learning, and overall cognitive function. PERQUE Choline Citrate™ has been shown to improve memory and cognitive performance in individuals with choline deficiency or increased cognitive demands.
• Physical Performance: Choline is necessary for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a critical component of cell membranes, including those of muscle cells. This supports efficient muscle function, reduces the risk of exercise-induced muscle damage, and enhances overall physical performance.
• Magnesium Synergy: By improving magnesium uptake, PERQUE Choline Citrate™ indirectly supports muscle relaxation, energy production, and the regulation of the stress response. This makes it particularly beneficial for individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, or other conditions associated with magnesium deficiency.

 

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Clinical Applications

PERQUE Choline Citrate™ is recommended for individuals with:

• Cognitive Decline: Including age-related memory loss, Alzheimer’s disease, and other neurodegenerative conditions.
• Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia: Where impaired magnesium uptake contributes to fatigue, muscle pain, and cognitive issues.
• Liver Health: To support lipid metabolism and reduce the risk of fatty liver disease.

 

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PERQUE Choline Citrate™ is a unique and highly effective supplement that addresses the widespread issue of choline deficiency. By providing bioavailable choline and enhancing magnesium uptake, it supports cognitive function, physical performance, and liver health. Its liquid form ensures maximum absorption, making it an ideal choice for individuals with increased choline needs or impaired nutrient absorption.

 

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References

1. Fioravanti M, Yanagi M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP choline) for cognitive and behavioral disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2)
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2. Canty DJ, Zeisel SH. Lecithin and choline in human health and disease. Nutr Rev. 1994; 52: 327-339.
3. Zeisel SH. Choline: needed for normal development of memory. J Nutr. 2000 May; 130(5 Suppl):528S-531S.
4. Zeisel SH. Choline: critical role during fetal development and dietary requirements in adults. Ann Rev Nutr.2006;26:229-50.
5. Spector SA, Jackman MR, Sabounjian LA, Sachs L, Landers DM, Williams VVT. Exercise and neuromodulators: choline and acetylcholine in marathon runners. Int J Sports Med. 1995 May; 27(5): 668-73.
6. Conlay LA, Sabounjian LA, Wurtman RJ. Exercise and neuromodulators: choline and acetylcholine in marathon runners. Int J Sports Med. 1992 Oct; 13 Suppl 1
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7. Secades JJ, Lorenzo JL. Citicoline: Pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;28 Suppl B:1-56.

 

RegeneVasc is a dietary supplement designed to support cardiovascular health by preserving, protecting, and regenerating the endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX).

The eGCX is a dense, gel-like meshwork covering the endothelial cell layer, playing a crucial role in maintaining vascular permeability, regulating blood flow, and protecting against cardiovascular diseases.

 

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The endothelial glycocalyx is an essential component of the vascular system, serving as a protective barrier against mechanical stress and regulating vascular permeability. It is composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins, which interact with circulating blood components to maintain homeostasis. Degradation of the eGCX is associated with various cardiovascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. RegeneVasc is formulated to provide the foundational building blocks necessary to regenerate this delicate barrier, promoting optimal cardiovascular health.

 

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Ingredients and Mechanisms of Action:

 

1. Mobilee® Hyaluronic Acid Matrix:

   • Source: Extracted from rooster comb, Mobilee® contains a high concentration of hyaluronic acid.
   • Mechanism of Action: Hyaluronic acid is a key component of the eGCX, contributing to its structural integrity and function. It plays a central role in mechanosensing, which is essential for nitric oxide production and flow-induced vasodilation. Mobilee® has been shown to enhance the endogenous synthesis of hyaluronic acid, supporting the regeneration of the eGCX and improving vascular function.

2. Chondroitin Sulfate:

   • Source: Derived from animal cartilage, chondroitin sulfate is the second most abundant GAG in the eGCX.
   • Mechanism of Action: Chondroitin sulfate stimulates the synthesis of other GAGs, including heparan sulfate and hyaluronan, which are critical for the structural and functional integrity of the eGCX. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2, which are associated with vascular inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.

3. Maritech® Synergy (Fucus vesiculosus Seaweed Extract):

   • Source: A proprietary blend of polyphenols and fucoidan from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus.
   • Mechanism of Action: Fucoidan and polyphenols from brown seaweed have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Fucoidan mimics the structure of heparan sulfate, a key GAG in the eGCX, and has been shown to directly interact with and protect the eGCX from degradation. Polyphenols, such as phlorotannins, act as electron traps for free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and supporting the regeneration of the eGCX.

 

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The Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx (eGCX): The eGCX is a critical structure in maintaining vascular homeostasis. It acts as a physical barrier that prevents the adhesion of leukocytes and platelets to the endothelial surface, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. The eGCX also plays a role in mechanotransduction, where it senses and responds to changes in blood flow, facilitating the production of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. Degradation of the eGCX leads to increased vascular permeability, inflammation, and the development of cardiovascular diseases.

 

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RegeneVasc provides a comprehensive approach to cardiovascular health by targeting the endothelial glycocalyx, a crucial component of the vascular system.

The combination of Mobilee® hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and Maritech® Synergy offers a multifaceted mechanism of action that supports the regeneration and protection of the eGCX.

By preserving the integrity of the eGCX, RegeneVasc helps maintain optimal circulation, blood flow, and vascular health.

 

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References:

1. Becker BF, Jacob M, Leipert S, Salmon AH, Chappell D. Degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx in clinical settings: searching for the sheddases. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;80(3):389-402.
2. Villalba N, Baby S, Yuan SY. The Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Double-Edged Sword in Microvascular Homeostasis and Pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:711003.
3. Machin DR, Bloom SI, Campbell RA, et al. Advanced age results in a diminished endothelial glycocalyx. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2018;315(3)
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4. Qi F, Zhou H, Gu P, et al. Endothelial glycocalyx degradation is associated with early organ impairment in polytrauma patients. BMC Emerg Med. 2021;21(1):52.
5. Keleszade E, Patterson M, Trangmar S, Guinan KJ, Costabile A. Clinical Efficacy of Brown Seaweeds Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus in the Prevention or Delay Progression of the Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Clinical Trials. Molecules. 2021;26(3):714.
6. Patankar MS, Oehninger S, Barnett T, Williams RL, Clark GF. A revised structure for fucoidan may explain some of its biological activities. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(29):21770-21776.
7. Kim AR, Shin TS, Lee MS, et al. Isolation and identification of phlorotannins from Ecklonia stolonifera with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57(9):3483-3489.
8. Li Y, Lee SH, Lee QT, Kim MM, Kim SK. Anti-allergic effects of phlorotannins on histamine release via binding inhibition between IgE and Fc epsilonRI. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(24):12073-12080.
9. Ahn MJ, Yoon KD, Min SY, et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease by phlorotannins from the brown alga Ecklonia cava. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;27(4):544-547.
10. Gabbia D, Saponaro M, Sarcognato S, et al. Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum Ameliorate Liver Function by Reducing Diet-Induced Steatosis in Rats. Mar Drugs. 2020;18(1):62.
11. Marinval N, Saboural P, Haddad O, et al. Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. Mar Drugs. 2016;14(10):185.